As i translates to j (hukou homogamy), one another x
log F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Next, i level ining the way the odds of hukou intermarriage alter which have per wife or husband’s degree (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), therefore we further view type for the field replace between them metropolises.
diary F cijkl = Formula dos + ? p = 1 2 ? p u pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Performance
Detailed causes Desk 1 let you know hukou area pairings out-of spouses of the town. Inside Shanghai, from the 47% from micro-census was in fact developed between a couple of migrants; in the Shenzhen, you to commission are more 70%. Throughout the 38% out-of marriage ceremonies inside it two local spouses within the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% from marriages had a couple regional partners inside the Shenzhen. Clearly, somebody tended to get married inside their hukou standing classification in locations. In both towns, marriage ceremonies anywhere between a neighbor hood partner and you can a great migrant wife was in fact much apt to be than simply marriage ceremonies ranging from an excellent migrant husband and you may a neighborhood partner to take place (13% vs. 3% within the Shanghai and 11% vs. 4% from inside the Shenzhen). The fresh part of hukou locality homogamy is similar on a couple of places. Yet ,, we need to understand the outcome having warning, given that express away from migrants varies on these several towns and cities. New relative size of migrants and you can locals brings structural marital potential for people to find possible spouses and eventually ). Log-linear data allows us to view the amount of hukou homogamy, internet of compositional outcomes, of the managing to possess marginal distributions regarding hukou reputation.
Desk step 1.
We first introduce the withdrawals off training attainment for migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you can local wives into the per town, correspondingly, in the Contour step 1 . On average, migrants is faster experienced than neighbors, no matter what gender, in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Certainly one of migrants, guys are most useful educated than just ladies in one another Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Alternatively, certainly locals, the fresh gender pit inside training are possibly quick if not stopped: local guys typically are just a little better educated than just its women counterparts in the Shenzhen, and you may regional women on average be knowledgeable than their male counterparts inside the Shanghai. Log-linear patterns handle on education inequalities ranging from visitors and you will between locals and you will migrants to recapture the new connectivity anywhere between spouses’ training and you will anywhere between academic and you can hukou locality assortative mating, web of your own marginal distributions regarding spouses’ attributes.